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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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bolivia.4
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1991-04-07
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Economy
Overview: The Bolivian economy steadily deteriorated between
1980 and 1985 as La Paz financed growing budget deficits
by expanding the money supply and inflation spiraled--peaking
at 11,700%. An austere orthodox economic program adopted
by newly elected President Paz Estenssoro in 1985, however,
succeeded in reducing inflation to between 10% and 20% annually
during 1987 and 1989, eventually restarting economic growth.
President Paz Zamora has pledged to retain the economic
policies of the previous government in order to keep inflation
down and continue the growth begun under his predecessor.
Nevertheless, Bolivia continues to be one of the poorest
countries in Latin America, and it remains vulnerable to
price fluctuations for its limited exports--mainly minerals
and natural gas. Moreover, for many farmers, who constitute
half of the country's work force, the main cash crop is
coca, which is sold for cocaine processing.
GNP: $4.6 billion, per capita $660; real growth rate 2.8% (1988).
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 15.5% (1989).
Unemployment rate: 20.7% (1988).
Budget: revenues $2,867 million; expenditures $2,867 million,
including capital expenditures of $663 million (1987).
Exports: $634 million (f.o.b., 1989); commodities--metals
45%, natural gas 32%, coffee, soybeans, sugar, cotton, timber,
and illicit drugs; partners--US 23%, Argentina.
Imports: $786 million (c.i.f., 1989); commodities--food,
petroleum, consumer goods, capital goods; partners--US 15%.
External debt: $5.7 billion (December 1989).
Industrial production: growth rate 8.1% (1987).
Electricity: 817,000 kW capacity; 1,728 million kWh produced,
260 kWh per capita (1989).
Industries: mining, smelting, petroleum, food and beverage,
tobacco, handicrafts, clothing; illicit drug industry reportedly
produces the largest revenues.
Agriculture: accounts for 20% of GDP (including forestry
and fisheries); principal commodities--coffee, coca, cotton,
corn, sugarcane, rice, potatoes, timber; self-sufficient in food.
Illicit drugs: world's second-largest producer of coca (after
Peru) with an estimated 54,000 hectares under cultivation;
government considers all but 12,000 hectares illicit and
subject to eradication; intermediate coca products and cocaine
exported to or through Colombia and Brazil to the US and
other international drug markets.
Aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-88), $909 million;
Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
(1970-87), $1.4 billion; Communist countries (1970-88),
$340 million.
Currency: boliviano (plural--bolivianos); 1 boliviano ($B) =
100 centavos.
Exchange rates: bolivianos ($B) per US$1--2.6917 (1989),
2.3502 (1988), 2.0549 (1987), 1.9220 (1986), 0.4400 (1985).
Fiscal year: calendar year.