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- Economy
-
- Overview: The Bolivian economy steadily deteriorated between
- 1980 and 1985 as La Paz financed growing budget deficits
- by expanding the money supply and inflation spiraled--peaking
- at 11,700%. An austere orthodox economic program adopted
- by newly elected President Paz Estenssoro in 1985, however,
- succeeded in reducing inflation to between 10% and 20% annually
- during 1987 and 1989, eventually restarting economic growth.
- President Paz Zamora has pledged to retain the economic
- policies of the previous government in order to keep inflation
- down and continue the growth begun under his predecessor.
- Nevertheless, Bolivia continues to be one of the poorest
- countries in Latin America, and it remains vulnerable to
- price fluctuations for its limited exports--mainly minerals
- and natural gas. Moreover, for many farmers, who constitute
- half of the country's work force, the main cash crop is
- coca, which is sold for cocaine processing.
-
- GNP: $4.6 billion, per capita $660; real growth rate 2.8% (1988).
-
- Inflation rate (consumer prices): 15.5% (1989).
-
- Unemployment rate: 20.7% (1988).
-
- Budget: revenues $2,867 million; expenditures $2,867 million,
- including capital expenditures of $663 million (1987).
-
- Exports: $634 million (f.o.b., 1989); commodities--metals
- 45%, natural gas 32%, coffee, soybeans, sugar, cotton, timber,
- and illicit drugs; partners--US 23%, Argentina.
-
- Imports: $786 million (c.i.f., 1989); commodities--food,
- petroleum, consumer goods, capital goods; partners--US 15%.
-
- External debt: $5.7 billion (December 1989).
-
- Industrial production: growth rate 8.1% (1987).
-
- Electricity: 817,000 kW capacity; 1,728 million kWh produced,
- 260 kWh per capita (1989).
-
- Industries: mining, smelting, petroleum, food and beverage,
- tobacco, handicrafts, clothing; illicit drug industry reportedly
- produces the largest revenues.
-
- Agriculture: accounts for 20% of GDP (including forestry
- and fisheries); principal commodities--coffee, coca, cotton,
- corn, sugarcane, rice, potatoes, timber; self-sufficient in food.
-
- Illicit drugs: world's second-largest producer of coca (after
- Peru) with an estimated 54,000 hectares under cultivation;
- government considers all but 12,000 hectares illicit and
- subject to eradication; intermediate coca products and cocaine
- exported to or through Colombia and Brazil to the US and
- other international drug markets.
-
- Aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-88), $909 million;
- Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
- (1970-87), $1.4 billion; Communist countries (1970-88),
- $340 million.
-
- Currency: boliviano (plural--bolivianos); 1 boliviano ($B) =
- 100 centavos.
-
- Exchange rates: bolivianos ($B) per US$1--2.6917 (1989),
- 2.3502 (1988), 2.0549 (1987), 1.9220 (1986), 0.4400 (1985).
-
- Fiscal year: calendar year.
-